|
TENSE AND
ASPECT |
USAGE |
EXAMPLE
SENTENCES |
|
PAST TENSE, IMPERFECTIVE ASPECT |
Used to designate an action that
began and ended at a particular time in the past; the result is
not important for the speaker |
Вчера вечером он читал
книгу. |
|
|
Used for an action that occurred
over period of time but was completed in the past; the action, not
duration, is emphasized |
Он плавал в
бассейне весь день. |
|
|
Used for an activity that took place
regularly in the past |
Во время каникул мы ходили
в кино каждое утро. |
|
|
Used for actions occurred over
period of time simultaneously but were completed in the past |
Когда я читал книгу,
брат смотрел телевизор. |
|
|
Used when the result of an action is
nullified, i.e. an opposite action occurred |
В комнате холодно, потому что я
открывал окно. (i.e. открыл и закрыл) |
|
|
Used for an action that occurred
over period of time but was completed in the past. The duration is
emphasized |
Он строил дом целый
месяц. |
|
PAST TENSE, PERFECTIVE ASPECT |
Used to emphasize the result of an
action that began and ended at a particular time in the past |
Вчера вечером я прочитал книгу от
начала до конца. |
|
|
Used for a past action that had a
result before another past action that also had a result |
Когда мы пришли в
класс, учитель уже ушёл домой.
Мы успели сыграть
партию в шахматы до того, как пришёл Андрей. |
|
|
Used when the result of an action
remains |
Он надел новую
рубашку. (i.e. он надел и сейчас она надета) |
|
|
Used to designate an action that
began and ended at a particular time in the past; the time during
which the result was achieved is emphasized |
Он построил дом за
месяц. |
|
PRESENT TENSE, IMPERFECTIVE ASPECT |
Used for a present state of affairs |
Андрей живёт в
Москве. |
|
|
Used for a general fact |
Волга впадает в
Каспийское море.
Солнце встаёт на
востоке. |
|
|
Used for habitual actions |
Каждое утро он читает
газеты. |
|
|
Used for future timetables and
arrangements |
Поезд отходит в
12:00.
Решено. Мы идём
в кино. |
|
|
Used for a specific action that is
occurring |
На улице идёт
сильный дождь. |
|
|
Used for an activity that takes
place over period of time specified |
Они играют в теннис
уже 2 часа. |
|
FUTURE TENSE, IMPERFECTIVE ASPECT |
Used for an action that will be
ongoing or repeating at a particular time in the future, but it is
not known whether will be finished of not |
Завтра утром я буду играть
в теннис.
Вечером она будет
готовить ужин. |
|
FUTURE TENSE, PERFECTIVE ASPECT |
Used for an action that will be
finished at a particular time in the future |
Скоро он узнает
хорошие новости.
Вечером она приготовит ужин. |
