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The Russian Infinitive

Every changeable Russian word has the initial form. For example, the nominative singular form is initial for nouns (студент). The infinitive is the initial form of verbs.

The infinitive is a specific verb form that answers such questions as "что делать?" (читать, писать) and "что сделать?" (прочитать, написать). The infinitive only designates an action or condition but does not show tense, person or number. Therefore all dictionaries give Russian verbs in the infinitive form.

Note: The infinitive is an unchangeable verb form.

The infinitive form of most of Russian verbs ends in -ть or -ти. These endings are called suffixes of the infinitive (строить, вести). Some infinitive forms end in -чь that is not a suffix but a part of the root (беречь, жечь). The part of a word without the suffix -ть or -ти comprises the stem (веселить, плести).

The infinitive is used:

  • to construct compound future tense
    Мы будем работать.

     

  • with present tense verbs which designate the beginning, continuation or ending of an action
    Мы начали разговаривать.
    Он продолжал работать.
    Она кончила читать.

     

  • with the words должен, рад, готов, обязан, намерен
    Мы готовы встрeтить гостeй.

     

  • with adverbs and adjectives
    Вам нужно приехать.
    Им некуда приехать.

     

  • with such verbs of motion as идти, ходить, ездить, лететь, поехать
    Мы поехали кататься на лыжах.

 

Note: The infinitive is never used with the verb знать.


Test yourself:

a. At what proverb the infinitive form of a verb is used?

1. Со счастьем хорошо и по грибы ходить.
2. У кого много дел вперёд, тот назад не оглядывается.


b. What of the following is characteristic of the infinitive?

1. shows tense
2. shows aspect
3. designates action
4. none of the above


c. Indicate what sentence uses the infinitive in combination with a verb of motion.

1. Комар летит трубить свою победу по лесам.
2. Спешить -- дело губить.
3. Жизнь прожить -- не поле перейти.

 


Answers:

a.1, b.3, c.1 ("дело", "жизнь", "поле" are nouns)

 

 

 

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