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The Determinative Pronouns
The words
сам (oneself), весь (all),
всякий (every), каждый (each/every),
иной (other), другой (another),
любой (any) are Russian determinative pronouns. They
refer to definite but not specific actions and features of
objects. Compare the following phrases to get the idea.
хороший
ученик
(good student)
vs.
каждый
ученик
(every student)
другой
ученик
(another student)
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The
determinative pronouns change by gender, number and cases.
Change of сам
(oneself) by gender and number
|
Singular |
Plural
(any gender) |
|
masculine |
neuter |
feminine |
|
сам |
само |
сама |
сами |
| весь |
всё |
вся |
все |
|
всякий |
всякое |
всякая |
всякие |
| каждый |
каждое |
каждая |
каждые |
|
иной |
иное |
иная |
иные |
| любой |
любое |
любая |
любые |
|
другой |
другое |
другая |
другие |
Change of сам (oneself) by cases
|
Case |
сам |
|
Nominative |
сам |
|
Genitive |
самого |
|
Dative |
самому |
|
Accusative |
самого (animated)
сам (inanimate) |
|
Instrumental |
самих |
|
Prepositional |
о самом |
The determinative
pronouns каждый, любой, всякий are used to single an
object (person or thing) out of a number of similar ones. For example:
Она экономит
каждую копейку.
(She saves every kopeck.)
Мы в любом случае
поговорим с ним.
(We'll talk to him in any case.)
The pronouns
весь, вся, всё, все are used not only with nouns (весь день) by
also without them. They should be either neuter or plural when used
separetely. For instance:
Всё прошло очень
быстро.
(Everything happened very quickly.)
Все спешат домой.
(Everybody is hurrying home.)
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