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The Accusative Case
The accusative case is an oblique
case, which is used in the sentences like "Я
ценю... Пушкина, дом, общество, страну"
(I appreciate ... Pushkin, home, society, country). The nouns in the
accusative answer such questions as Кого?
Что?
(Whom? What?).
| Не надо винить кого? |
Не надо винить сына. |
- |
Whom one should not accuse? |
One should not accuse a son. |
| Катя читает что? |
Катя читает книгу. |
- |
What is Katya reading? |
Katya is reading a book. |
Like the rest of cases (except
prepositional) the accusative can be used with prepositions or without
them. The typical prepositions for the accusative are: в,
на, за, о/об, по, под, про, с, через.
For example:
| упасть в
воду |
|
to fall into water |
| знать про
нас |
|
to know about us |
| встать на
ноги |
|
to stand on feet |
The principal meaning of the
accusative is to designate a person or thing to whom or which and
action is being done. For example: Люся любит брата
(Lucy loves her brother); Мы видим
море (We see the sea)
When used with the prepositions в
and на,
the accusative means motion towards or direction correspondigly.
To put nouns into accusative
correctly you should know that Russian nouns are divided into animate
and inanimate. Animate nouns are those which describe someone alive
like человек, кошка (a man, a cat).
In general, the accusative is formed
from the nominative singular nouns with the help of the following
endings: -у, -ю, -а, -я (singular); -ей,
-ой, -ов, -ев (plural). In most cases, you should
remove the last letter from the nominative of the noun and add one of
the mentioned endings (луна
less -а
plus -у
= луну).
The good news is that in some cases the accusative is similar to the
nominative and genitive.
|
Remember,
that the accusative is similar to the nominative!!
- for all
inanimate nouns
- for
singular feminine nouns ending in -ь
- for
plural feminine nouns the singular form of which ends in
-а, -я
Also
remember, that the accusative is similar to the genitive!!
- for
plural feminine and masculine nouns ending in -а,
-я
|
The tables below sum up how the
accusative of nouns is formed.
The Accusative
of singular nouns
| |
|
Nominative
singular |
Remove |
Add |
Accusative
singular |
|
inan-
imate
Accusative
is equal to
singular
Nominative
|
masculine |
стол
чай
ветер |
|
|
стол
чай
ветер |
| neuter |
окно
море |
|
|
окно
море |
| feminine |
ночь |
|
|
ночь |
| animate |
feminine
ending in -ь
Accusative
is equal to
singular
Nominative |
дочь |
|
|
дочь |
| masculine |
отец
журавль |
--
ь |
а
я |
отца
журавля |
| feminine
and masculine ending in -а, -я |
бочка
воля |
а
я |
у
ю |
бочку
волю |
inan-
imate
|
feminine
ending in -а, -я |
вода |
а |
у |
воду |
The Accusative of plural nouns
| |
|
Nominative
singular
(plural) |
Remove |
Add |
Accusative
plural |
|
inan-
imate
Accusative
is equal to
plural
Nominative
|
masculine |
стол
(столы)
чай (чаи)
ветер (ветры) |
|
|
столы
чаи
ветры |
| neuter |
окно
(окна)
море (моря) |
|
|
окна
моря |
| feminine |
ночь
(ночи) |
|
|
ночи |
| animate |
feminine
ending in -ь |
дочь |
ь |
ей |
дочерей |
| masculine |
отец
журавль |
--
ь |
ов
ей |
отцов
журавлей |
feminine
and masculine ending in -а, -я
Accusative
is equal to
plural
Genitive |
бочка
(бочки)
стая (стаи) |
|
|
бочки
стаи |
inan-
imate
|
feminine
ending in -а, -я
Accusative
is equal to
plural
Nominative |
вода
(воды)
книга (книги) |
|
|
воды
книги |
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