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The participle is a special form of the verb that combines the qualities of verbs and adjectives.
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As you already know, adjectives are used to describe certain qualities and features of objects, like in:
тёплый день (a warm day)
большой дом (a big house)
However, if you want to talk about a quality or a feature that depends on an action (e.g. walking) you need to use participles. Consider these examples of participles:
летящая птица (a flying bird)
бегущий мальчик (a running boy)
The participle is formed from verbs with the help of such suffixes as:
In the Russian language, the participle is changed by gender, number and cases.
When declining participles use the same endings as for adjectives.
Endings for the
participle расцветающий
(stressed vowels are underlined)
Case |
Participle расцветающий (blossoming) |
Nominative | расцветающий |
Genitive | расцветающего |
Dative | расцветающему |
Accusative | расцветающий |
Instrumental | расцветающим |
Prepositional | (о) расцветающем |
If a participle is formed from a reflexive verb (i.e. the verb ending in
-ся) then it should keep the ending -cя
when you decline it. Here is an example.
Declension of the
participle распустившаяся
(stressed vowels are underlined)
Case |
Participle распустившаяся (blossomed) |
Nominative | распустившаяся |
Genitive | распустившейся |
Dative | распустившейся |
Accusative | распустившуюся |
Instrumental | распустившейся |
Prepositional | (о) распустившейся |
Ask them in the Russian Questions and Answers — a place for students, teachers and native Russian speakers to discuss Russian grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and other aspects of the Russian language.
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