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Ordinal
Numbers
Ordinal
numbers designate order in counting. They answer the questions
Какой? and Который? (Which
one?). For example,
пятый день - the 5th day
восьмое слово - the 8th word
Like in English, Russian ordinal
numbers are formed from cardinal numbers. However there are more
endings in Russian (-ый, -ой, -ая, -ое, -ые) as
opposed to the only ending -th in English.
Consider these examples: |
|
|
пят(ь) + ый, -ая, -ое, -ые
makes пятый, пятая, пятое,
пятые
шест(ь) + ой, -ая, -ое, -ые
makes шестой, шестая,
шестое, шестые
Of course, like in English, there are
exceptions for the numerals first, second and
third. In Russian, they are первый, второй and
третий correspondingly. See the list of ordinal numbers here.
The numerals второй,
шестой, седьмой, восьмой, сороковой
are stressed on the ending. All other ordinal numbers are stressed on
the stem (пятый, десятый, тринадцатый, первый,
etc.)
The initial form of Russian ordinal
numbers is nominative singular masculine (первый, пятый).
All ordinal numbers appear in dictionaries and vocabularies in the
initial form.
Russian ordinal numbers change by
cases, number and gender the same ways as
adjectives change.
Change of второй
by cases
|
Case |
второй
(second) |
Compare with
the adjective
молодой (young) |
|
Nominative |
второй |
молодой |
|
Genitive |
второго |
молодого |
|
Dative |
второму |
молодому |
|
Accusative |
same as
Nominative |
as
Nominative |
|
Instrumental |
вторым |
молодым |
|
Prepositional |
(о)
втором |
(о)
молодом |
When declining compound ordinal numbers (like двадцать пять
- twenty five), only the last word changes by cases. Note that
only the last word has the form of an ordinal number; the word
двадцать is a cardinal number. This is similar to the English
pair twenty five - twenty fifth where only the last
word is an ordinal number.
Change of двести
тридцать пятый by cases
|
Case |
двести
тридцать пятый
(two hundred thirty fifth) |
|
Nominative |
двести тридцать пятый |
|
Genitive |
двести тридцать пятого |
|
Dative |
двести тридцать пятому |
|
Accusative |
as
Nominative |
|
Instrumental |
двести тридцать пятым |
|
Prepositional |
(о)
двести тридцать пятом |
Plural ordinal numbers are used in
sentences and phrases with:
- plural nouns formed from singular
nouns
первые дни месяца - the first days of the month
- some nouns that are always plural
(i.e. do not have a singular form)
вторые очки (весы, брюки, сутки) - the second spectacles (scales,
pants, day)
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